However the time of inner conflicts passed and while the rule of czar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov free-thinking was not greeted. Tobacco was seriously disfavoured. After a serious fire in Moscow in 1634, which was alleged to be caused by smoking, it was prohibited to smoke under pain of death. For insubordination people executed, but in reality they were only cut the noses.

The government of Aleksey Mikhailovich in 1646 monopolized the tobacco sale, after considering it to be profitable for the state. However, the powerful patriarch Nikon, who influenced greatly the young czar, managed to restore draconian measures against «the devilish poison». In the Council code 1649 the smokers were supposed to be beaten, drawn the nostrils and sent to exile, including women.

However, the Russian government were not original, from time to time they allowed to smoke, then started to struggle against it. Then the XVIII century began, the Age of Enlightenment and mercantilism. The Government just started to understand that they were able to benefit from pernicious habits of people and should get the profit.

• Even in February — April 1697 the young czar Peter I legalize the tobacco sale and set certain rules for its distribution. After visiting Europe, Peter Alekseevich stayed for some time in Holland. At shipyards of Saardam smoking became a habit with him.

The Treasury interests demanded on involving as many Russians to the smokers as possible. The czar decided to introduce a unified quality standard for sold tobacco. They found the right areas for tobacco growing. Peter invited all necessary specialists and founded tobacco plantations in Ukraine. In 1716 there in Ukraine, in Akhtyrka they founded the first Russian tobacco manufacturing plant. Later such manufacturing plants appeared in Saint Petersburg and n Moscow region. In those times tobacco from Ukraine had such a high quality, that they exported it abroad.

• After the legalization of tobacco in Russia there came tobacco-pipes. Tobacco-pipe is a typical attribute, associated with Peter the Great.

But Peter's successful undertaking was spoilt by the selfish bureaucrats. After Peter's death the count Shuvalov started to add sand and powered glass to tobacco to increase its weight. Such tobacco was not popular any more either in Russia nor outside.

Katherine the Great started the restoration of tobacco business in Russia. They started to sell tobacco in Russia and abroad again. According to some historians Katherine II made «tobacco» bows fashionable. They were supposed to protect white gloves while smoking. By the middle XIX century in Moscow only there worked 4 big tobacco plants with 250 — 1000 employees.

In the beginning of 60s XIX century the chief of police issued an order, prohibiting smoking in public. The smokers were immediately sent to the police office. That order caused lots of scandals and fires: smokers in fear dropped cigarettes without putting them out. In those years smoking of cigarettes started to replace snuff tobacco, which still managed to be fashionable for many years. Tobacco had many various names. In Moscow they made rustic tobacco themselves and added some ingredients to their taste. And every producer kept the recipe in secret telling that he had got it from his grandparents.

• Smoking became widely-spread among people after the war. After the World War I there was the so-called «mouthpiece cigarette boom». Tobacco became an integral part of soldier ration.

After the revolution 1917 the tobacco plants were nationalized. Only 10 years later after introduction new equipment they managed to achieve the production level they had before the revolution. In 1927 in Krasnodar they built the first tobacco fermentation plant in the world.

In the times of the Soviet system a constant migration of people contributed to smoking. The farmers were driven away from their land, then came industrialization, GULAG camps (Central Department of prison and working camps), World War II, restoration of the destroyed economy.

In the war period the production facilities were evacuated and on there basis they founded tobacco plants in the Volga region, Ural region, in Siberia, and extend the production facilities in Central Asia. The restoration of industrial plants contributed to the quick production growth.

• In the 50s in the tobacco goods market there appeared filter-tipped cigarettes.

The first attempts to introduce the warning of the USSR Ministry of Health on packages with cigarettes were made in 1977-1978. It was related to the existing deficit of cigarettes, since purchased tobacco was not enough for the production volumes.

The beginning of 90s became the turning point for many Russian enterprises. Some enterprises of tobacco industry were not able to compete, others were reorganized into joint-stock companies.