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The aim of the industrial tobacco crop is to get tobacco leaves harvest. They are of primer economic importance as the material for smoking production.
After special treatment typical to various tobacco types, they get the raw material — tobacco leaves.
Tobacco is represented in many sorts. First of all tobacco plant is very sensitive to agricultural and ecological factors, such as soil, climate, agro-technical influence and is extremely flexible.
Tobacco of various sorts, types of drying, produced in different regions in various conditions of quality forming, within the period of growing and further technological treatment gives a certain type of raw material with its specific peculiarities.
As a result of external conditions, hybridization, applied agricultural machinery there appeared agricultural and ecological types and subtypes of tobacco. Within the species there appeared new groups of tobacco related by general features.
At the moment there is an officially accepted classification based on the ecological and geographical principle and provisions about the unity of organism and environment according to the «International Nomenclature code for cultivated plants» by .N.Psareva (1969).
Taking into consideration modern variety of sorts and forms, E.Psareva divided the species N.tabacum into five subspecies with ten varieties, which differ from each other in morphological and biological signs:
- Oriental type with the Macedonian sort (sedentary leaf) and Turkish one (pediculate leaf);
- American type with the Virginian and Maryland sorts,
- southern type with Brazilian and Argentinian sorts,
- Asian type with Indian and Japanese sorts,
- Insular type with the Cuban and Sumatra sorts.
Every type consists of relative species groups, which are named sort-type. The sort-type includes sorts, which have similar forming conditions and production application.
Tobacco raw material is produced in many countries of the world both for inner consumption and selling in the foreign market. The annual volume of tobacco raw material world production of all sorts is more than 5,8 million tons; among them 67% are Virginia, 14% are Berley; 13% are Oriental tobacco, Oriental type tobacco specific weight in the total volume of tobacco world production is 6%.
The biggest tobacco producers in the world are:
- China,
- USA,
- India,
- Brazil,
- Turkey,
- Greece,
- Indonesia;
- in Europe — Greece, Italy and Bulgaria.
The annual export of tobacco raw-material of the countries-producers vary from 20 to 30% from the total production volume. The most significant exporters are Brazil, USA, Zimbabwe, Turkey, Italy and Greece.
The biggest tobacco importers are USA, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, Japan and Holland.
«Donskoy Tabak» buys all the tobacco raw material abroad, since domestic tobacco production within the last 10 years has reduced to zero.
To produce cigarettes the Company use high-quality raw materials from Greece, Bulgaria, China, India, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, Central Asia Republics and Azerbaijan.
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